By Richard V. Mack, Esq.
Short sales and foreclosures are becoming common place in our market. We are consistently asked questions by owners and agents alike about the Arizona anti-deficiency statutes and the tax consequences of a foreclosure or a short sale and deed in lieu. This article answers the two most common questions we receive.
When do the Anti-Deficiency Statutes Apply?
For the anti-deficiency statutes to apply, three requirements must be met:
- The property at issue must be a duplex or a single family residence;
- The real property must be two and one-half acres or less; and
- The loan at issue must be a purchase money mortgage.
A purchase money mortgage is one where the loan proceeds are used to acquire 
title to the property. A refinance of a purchase money mortgage is also considered a purchase money mortgage for purposes of the statute. A HELOC that is obtained after the close of escrow is generally not considered a purchase money mortgage.
Assuming all three of these requirements are met, the Arizona anti-deficiency statutes apply. What this means is that the lender’s remedy will be limited to regaining possession of the real property at issue through a foreclosure process or otherwise. If the anti-deficiency statutes apply, even if the amount due to the lender exceeds the value of the property, the lender may not pursue the borrower for the difference or deficiency.
What are the Tax Consequences of a Short Sale or a Foreclosure?
Generally, when a lender is unable to collect the full amount due on a note, this forgiveness of debt constitutes a taxable gain for the borrower. The theory is that the borrower is paying less than the full amount originally received when the loan was funded. Thus, where a lender is collecting less than the full amount due on the mortgage, either through a short sale, a deed in lieu of foreclosure or because of the anti-deficiency statutes, there will typically be a taxable gain for the borrower. The taxable gain is the difference between the amount owed to the lender and the amount received by the lender. Many lenders have been and will be issuing a Form 1099 to borrowers for this debt forgiveness. Under certain limited circumstances the Mortgage Forgiveness Debt Relief Act of 2007 may eliminate the consequences of this gain.
